Yanan Hu, Qingbin Qin, Shengchuan Wu*, Xin Zhao, Wenjing Wang. Fatigue resistance and remaining life assessment of induction-hardened S38C steel railway axles. International Journal of Fatigue, 2021, 144: 106068.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.106068

Fig. 7. Representative fracture morphology: (a) fractured S38C railway axle and (b) crack shape evolution determined manually.