Shiqian Chen, Kaiyun Wang, Chao Chang, Bo Xie, Wanming Zhai∗. A two-level adaptive chirp mode decomposition method for the railway wheel flat detection under variable-speed conditions. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2021, 498: 115963.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2021.115963

Fig. 22. Experimental setup for a railway model vehicle with a wheel flat. (a) The vehicle. (b) Wheel flat. (c) Vibration measurement.