Gongquan Tao, Mengqi Liu, Qinglin Xie, Zefeng Wen*. Wheel-rail dynamic interaction caused by wheel out-of-roundness and its transmission between wheelsets. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1177/09544097211016582

Fig. 10. Time history of (a) normal contact force, (b) lateral contact position on wheel, (c) longitudinal creepage, (d) lateral creepage, and (e) axle box vertical acceleration under excitation of low-order wheel OOR. (f) Frequency domain of axle box vertical acceleration..