Xin Zhao, Shengchuan Wu*, Jianguang Bao, Ni Ao, Wenjie Peng, Wei Sun. Experimental characterization and numerical modeling on the external impacting of high-speed railway axle EA4T steel. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2021, 125: 105449.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105449

Fig. 8. Dimple macroscopic morphology after the impacting: (a) 100 m/s, and (b) 138 m/s.