Xiaoxuan Yang, Gongquan Tao, Wei Li, Zefeng Wen*. On the formation mechanism of high-order polygonal wear of metro train wheels: experiment and simulation. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2021, 127: 105512.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105512

Fig. 8. Scheme of long-term wheel wear model.